Research papers on counseling theories

Rochester Institute of Technology Social support is one of most important factors in predicting the physical health and well-being of everyone, ranging from childhood through older adults.

First, life-role salience and values must be viewed within specific developmental and cultural contexts. Second, in diverse set- tings, and with different groups, there are sex differences related to the relative im- Research papers on counseling theories of life roles and values.

A number of journal articles provide examples of the systematic application of the C-DAC assessment instrument.

For example, articles by Nevill and Kruse Values ScaleNevill and Calvert Salience InventorySavickas and Hartung Career Development Inventoryand Cairo, Kritis, and Myers Adult Career Concerns Inventory provide useful literature reviews, test descriptions, and information concerning the practical application of each assessment in career coun- seling practice.

Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century, 4th Edition. The citation provided is a guideline.

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Please check each citation for accuracy before use. Roe subsequently expanded her research to eminent scien- tists. From these investigations, Roesuggested that early childhood experiences influence career behavior.

Specifically, the resultant need structure orients persons either toward people or not toward people. The child-rearing environments to which children are exposed shape early childhood experiences. Roe identified three primary modes of child rearing or envi- ronments to which children are exposed: Emotional concentration on the child ranges from overprotection to overly demanding behaviors.

While physical needs are met, psychological needs may be withheld as parents place conditions on their love and approval. Children exposed to overly protective environments learn that conforming elicits rewards and, thus, a dependence on others for approval and a positive sense of self-esteem is developed.

Independence and self-reliance are encouraged in either an unconcerned, noninvolved way or an active, supportive one. For example, adults working in service occupations are oriented toward people and thus were likely exposed to loving, overprotective early childhood environments.

Adults in more scientific occupational fields are typically not oriented toward people and therefore were most likely exposed to rejecting and avoidant early childhood environments.

Roe developed an occupational classification system that contains eight fields based on arts and entertainment, and general culture. Service fields are generally more people-oriented occupations such as teaching, counseling, and social work.

Business contact occupations involve interpersonal interactions of a persuasive nature, such as sales. Organizational occupations emphasize systems and manage- ment. Technology involves occupations such as engineering.

Outdoor occupations focus on the application of scientific principles in outdoor occupations such as for- est management. Science includes occupations such as chemist and physicist. Arts Niles 63 Niles, Spencer G.

The life-span, life-space theory evolved over a year time period, as Super and his colleagues worked to elabo- rate and refine the various aspects of the theory Super et al. Super understood that describing a process as complex as career development requires synthesizing the work of scholars from various disciplines e.

Super extended career theories by addressing shortcomings he perceived in the theories proposed by his predecessors and his contemporaries. They viewed the developmental process as spanning three stages: We provide an updated version of the C-DAC model in this chapter.

The C-DAC model translates the three theory segments into career practice to help people articulate their career concerns, examine their life-role salience, and clarify their self-concepts.

These assumptions contend that people differ in their important self-characteristics and self-concepts; that their respective self-characteristics make them eligible for a number of occupations; that Niles 48 Niles, Spencer G.

Gottfredson developed her theory, in part, to address the following question: She addresses the compromises that people make in their career aspirations, particularly as these compromises relate to sex-typed learning and experiences. Specifically, compromise involves the process of modifying career choices due to limiting factors, such as prestige, sex type, and field of interest Gottfredson, Thus, she offers a developmental and sociological per- spective of career development.

Gottfredson notes that people distinguish occupations according to the dimensions of: Gottfredson further suggests that occupational prestige is positively correlated with the degree of intellectual capacity required for job performance.

Compatibility, or the suitability of any occupation, is determined when the individual considers factors such as the perceived gender Niles 64 Niles, Spencer G.

The theory is based on four basic assumptions: In our culture, most persons can be categorized as one of six types: There are six kinds of environments:Major Counseling Theories.

Details: Throughout the course, you have studied and written about a number of major counseling theories that are used as the basis for the counseling profession. The Purdue Online Writing Lab Welcome to the Purdue OWL.

We offer free resources including Writing and Teaching Writing, Research, Grammar and Mechanics, Style Guides, ESL (English as a Second Language), and Job Search and Professional Writing.

Counseling Theory Julie Meyers Liberty University Abstract This theory focuses on the integration of Biblical principles by combining several aspects of major theories to provide the best treatment for clients.

Students enrolled in the Townsend Institute’s Master’s in Counseling program will acquire the skills to engage with a person struggling with issues like depression, anxiety, relational problems, or addictions on a deeply attuned level.

BibMe Free Bibliography & Citation Maker - MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard. Adelswärd, Viveka, and Britt-Marie Öberg.

“The Function of Laughter and Joking in Negotiating Activities.” HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research ():