Breast cancer care case studies

Exposure to bisphenol A causes breast cancer. BPA was first produced inbut its estrogenic properties went undiscovered until the mids.

Outlook Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women, and the second main cause of cancer death in women, after lung cancer. Advances in screening and treatment have improved survival rates dramatically since There are around 3.

The chance of any woman dying from breast cancer is around 1 in 37, or 2. Inaroundnew diagnoses of breast cancer are expected in women, and around 40, women are likely to die from the disease. Awareness of the symptoms and the need for screening are important ways of reducing the risk.

Breast cancer can affect men toobut this article will focus on breast cancer in women. Fast facts on breast cancer: Here are some key points about breast cancer.

More detail is in the main article. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Symptoms include a lump or thickening of the breast, and changes to the skin or the nipple.

Risk factors can be genetic, but some lifestyle factors, such as alcohol intake, make it more likely to happen. A range of treatments is available, including surgery, radiation therapyand chemotherapy. Many breast lumps are not cancerous, but any woman who is concerned about a lump or change should see a doctor.

Symptoms The first symptoms of breast cancer are usually an area of thickened tissue in the breast, or a lump in the breast or in an armpit. An early diagnosis of breast cancer increases the chance of recovery. Stages Cancer is staged according to the size of the tumor and whether it has spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body.

There are different ways of staging breast cancer. One way is from stage 0 to 4, but these may be broken down into smaller stages.

Known as ductal carcinoma in situ DCISthe cells are limited to within a duct and have not invaded surrounding tissues. At the beginning of this stage, the tumor is up to 2 centimeters cm across and it has not affected any lymph nodes.

The tumor is 2 cm across and it has started to spread to nearby nodes. The tumor is up to 5 cm across and it may have spread to some lymph nodes.

The cancer has spread to distant organs, especially the bones, liver, brain, or lungs. Causes After pubertya woman's breast consists of fat, connective tissue, and thousands of lobules, tiny glands that produce milk for breast-feeding.

Tiny tubes, or ducts, carry the milk toward the nipple. In cancer, the body's cells multiply uncontrollably. It is the excessive cell growth that causes cancer.

Breast cancer usually starts in the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply them with milk. From there, it can spread to other parts of the body.

Risk factors The exact cause remains unclear, but some risk factors make it more likely. Some of these are preventable.I have breast cancer. Should I take vitamin D? The answer is a resounding YES, not only because there are positive clinical trials showing that vitamin D prolongs life, but also because there are so many studies showing that it helps the pathological process.

A year-old Caucasian woman presented to her primary care physician with a 3-month history of intermittent bright red rectal blood with defecation. The following case studies help to illustrate the role that breast thermography plays as an addition to a woman's regular breast health care.

Case Study #1 This patient came to our office with a lump in the right breast. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the United States besides non-melanoma skin cancer. More than one in four cancers in women are breast cancer. Breast cancer deaths are the second highest of other cancers among women in .

the nurse confirms that Sandra has signed the informed consent for surgery, but learns that Sandra does not understand the procedure for breast reconstruction that is to be performed. notify the surgeon that . Case studies Awareness, delivered with care Early detection can mean quicker and more effective treatment for Cancer, and awareness through education is the only way to make that possible.